In Miami, Spanish rules. One hears it everywhere, with hundreds of thousands of immigrants speaking it even as they attain fluency in English. The result, though, is a spoken English with enough variants that a new study deems it a dialect. It is an English that contains literal translations from Spanish that have been incorporated into daily language, says Phillip Carter, a sociolinguist at Florida International University (FIU), author of the study. IMAGES AND SOUNDBITES