While refusals to obey a police officer have risen over the last thirty years, the increase in fatal shootings of police officers is "much greater", says Jacques de Maillard, director of the French Centre for Sociological Research on Law and Penal Institutions, with five to twelve deaths per year since 2017, compared with one to five before. Maillard says the legal framework behind these shootings, as well improper police training are to blame. IMAGES AND SOUNDBITES